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Lean Start-up is an alternative/complement to traditional business design and planning. It involves identifying assumptions about the product/service you are developing.  Then testing these assumptions (prioritising the riskiest assumptions) with early customer research.  This includes testing early prototype products/services and iterating development with continued feedback from users/customers.  Originally conceived in context of tech start-ups, the methodology is relevant to all new enterprises.  By testing assumptions early, you reduce the risk of expensive mistakes later.